Everything about Protestant Reformers totally explained
The Protestant Reformers were those
theologians,
churchmen, and
statesmen whose careers, works, and actions brought about the
Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. Historically speaking, "
Protestant" was the name given to those theologians, magnates, and delegations present at the
Holy Roman Imperial Diet of Speyer in 1529 who protested the revocation of the suspension, granted at a prior
Diet of Speyer in 1526, of
Edict of Worms of 1521, which had outlawed
Martin Luther and his
followers.
The meaning of the label "Protestant" widened over time to embrace all Western
Christians as distinguished from the
Roman Catholic Church, except for the
Anabaptists and other
Radical Reformers. This reflected the widening spread of the
Protestant Reformation over
Europe into diversifying movements like
Lutheranism,
Anglicanism,
Calvinism, and
Arminianism. Today, all Western Christian
denominations other than the Roman Catholic Church are loosely known as Protestant churches.
Precursors
There were a number of people who contributed to the development of the Reformation, but lived before it, including:
Magisterial Reformers
The
Protestant Reformation, popularly thought to have begun on
October 31,
1517 with the posting of
Martin Luther's
95 theses to the door of the Castle Church in
Wittenberg, divided Western Christendom, as distinguished from
Eastern Christendom, into the
Roman Catholic Church and the
Protestant churches.
The
Magisterial Reformation connected the visible
Christian church with society as a whole, as the
Roman Catholic Church had before, thus imposing on the government and magistrates Christian duties, such as supporting the new churches economically and weighing in on issues of doctrine.
There were a number of key reformers within the
Magisterial Reformation, including:
Theodore Beza
Martin Bucer
Heinrich Bullinger
John Calvin
Andreas von Carlstadt, later a Radical Reformer
Wolfgang Fabricius Capito
Martin Chemnitz
Thomas Cranmer
William Farel
Matthias Flacius
Caspar Hedio
Justus Jonas
John Knox
Jan Łaski
Martin Luther
Philipp Melanchthon
Johannes Oecolampadius
Peter Martyr
Aonio Paleario
Laurentius Petri
Olaus Petri
William Tyndale
Joachim Vadian
Pierre Viret
Huldrych Zwingli
Radical Reformers
Because these reformers were those of the Radical Reformation and the Anabaptist movement, they've not been traditionally listed with the mainline Protestant reformers. (Compare the reformers of the "Second Front" of the Reformation below):
John of Leiden
Thomas Müntzer
Kaspar Schwenkfeld
Sebastian Franck
Menno Simons
Counter-reformers
Catholics who worked against the Reformation include:
Jerome Cardinal Aleander
Augustine Alveld
Thomas Cardinal Cajetan
Johann Cochlaeus
Johann Eck
Jerome Emser
Pope Leo X
John Tetzel
Second Front Reformers
There were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Reformers, but who separated from them to form a "Second Front", principally in objection to the Reformers' sacralism. Among these were:
Hans Denck
Conrad Grebel
Balthasar Hubmaier
Felix ManzFurther Information
Get more info on 'Protestant Reformers'.
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